The cluster is concerned with the development of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning methodologies to discover patterns hidden in vast amounts of EO data and to create prospects for the development of highly accurate intelligent systems for EO. The cluster deals with the training, optimization, evaluation, and data pre-processing of advanced Artificial Intelligence models in various applications (e.g., irrigation management, drought assessment, crop classification, fire prediction, forest species classification, yield prediction, insect detection, land cover classification, ship detection etc.). The models aim to improve the accuracy in decision-making and prevention of risks, both natural and otherwise, such as the climate crisis, wildfires, landslides, earthquakes, and atmospheric pollution. Subfields of Artificial Intelligence such as evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence algorithms are also used to solve complex real-world problems in EO.